Breast cancer is cancer that begins in the breast tissue. Each breast has 15-20 sections, called lobes, with smaller sections called lobes, glands responsible for milk production. Lobes and lobes are linked by thin tubes called channels. The breast is also found blood and lymph vessels. They are carriers of fluid called lymph, which contains infection-fighting cells. Lymph nodes are found throughout the body, including arms, above the collarbone and chest.
There are many types of breast cancer named after part of the breast, in which the beginning.
Ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer. Starting in duct cells.
Lobular carcinoma is another type of breast cancer. It begins in the lobes or lobes.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for breast cancer include: age and gender, genetic factors, previous breast cancer, early menstruation or late menopause, contraceptive used by mouth; hormone replacement therapy, physical characteristics, alcohol consumption, smoking, chemicals, radiation, other.
Symptoms
Breast cancer often does not show any symptoms in its early stages.
A woman who has early stage breast cancer usually does not feel pain or do not have any symptoms.
With the progress of cancer may occur following changes:
Appears to lump or thickening place on or near the breast or under arm
Change in size or shape of the breast
Nipple discharge, tenderness, or inversion (flipping) in breast nipple
Change in appearance or skin sensitivity breast, areola (breast nipple areola) or a single nipple
Diagnosis and treatment
Optimal treatment of breast cancer often requires a number of different therapies.
Breast cancer may spread to adjacent skin, local or regional lymph nodes or via blood to other places in the body such as the liver, bones and lungs. To determine an effective treatment plan is important to first define the rate of spread or stage of cancer.
Treatment by stage
Treatment options are directly related to stage of breast cancer, invasive tumor stage.
Stage 0 (carcinoma in situ – cancer neprerážajúci basal membrane)
Carcinoma lobular carcinoma in situ – is associated with an increased risk of cancer over time, require surgery, hormonal therapy and preventive action (exercise, dietary changes)
Ductal carcinoma in situ carcinoma – is regarded as a direct precursor of invasive breast cancer, requiring surgery (mastectomy, significant excision – excision), radiation
Stage I: – Breast-conserving surgery, axillary dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy, radiation therapy, in some cases, hormone therapy
Stage II: – Conserving surgery (lumpektómia, mastectomy), axillary dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy, followed by irradiation, in some cases, chemotherapy or hormone therapy
Stage III: – Surgery (mastectomy) or chemotherapy
Stage IV: – Breast cancer is back again or metastasizes (to spread) beyond the breast.
Systemic therapy with chemotherapy and / or hormonal therapy
To treatment at this stage is to extend life and maintain quality of life
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